Kuiper Belt
The Kuiper Belt, a zone between 30 and 50 AU (astronomical units: Mankind's definition relates 1 unit as equal to the average radii distance spanning the orbital path of Earth and its positional central point, the Sun) contains a vast population of cosmic bodies with orbital properties of extreme eccentricities and inclinations to the ecliptic plane.
Current theories surmise the development of the objects within this zone was impeded by a lack of interstellar medium needed to support the growth of planetary size and this is true. Also that these icy objects may be the source of the comets, but recent studies noted the Kuiper Belt Objects or KBOs exhibited stability, considering this, should we look to the Oort Cloud as the source and why does the KBOs drop off precipitously after 50 AU?
Kuiper Belt Objects were formed shortly after the localized Big Bang within this galactic region. The interstellar medium is primarily gathered as a function of the dominant gravitational source, mass and distance from the source within the local area, in our system, the Sun. On the edge of the Sun's gravitational influence there is a break. As an Example, look at the Earth, doesn't its atmosphere break at a point where it transitions to the interstellar medium? Have you considered that this process may apply to the Sun? After a big bang, matter clumps, not by gravity as mankind assumes, but initially by charged subatomic particles. As the charges flow between particles, the interaction sets up an equilibrium between the various points of matter and balance, now matter in a neutral state repulses due to crowding and now the weaker force gravity, super cedes and collects. Since there is a natural process of how a solar system develops, it occurs within a certain set of parameters and only objects near the dither point between gravitational sources does the unusual occur.
The gaseous interstellar density responsible for stellar and planetary formation is a product of gravitational clumping after the big bang, lets look at the variables and identify the necessary processes that is behind the minor cosmic objects now residing in the named Kuiper Belt. At the extreme end of our solar system the availability of H-He and NH molecules drop off precipitously as the mass of the Sun is only effective out to about 50 AU. The objects forming have common properties smaller assimilated masses due to a thinning of interstellar matter, this property invokes the repulsion force, which separates similar sized masses. The result is a vast field outside of planetary orbits of small objects of a H-He based composition. As the containment of the returning towards the Sun has expanded due to distance inclination varies widely. Eccentricity is dependent upon other outside forces. Does the Kuiper Belt contain objects from the creation of the solar system, yes all objects are from the dawn of creation within this galaxy.
The objects composing the Kuiper Belt did coalesce into varied small masses, but lacked the gravity and available matter and hydrogen-helium nebula in the general area to grow to a size rivaling most moons and planets in this system. This resulted in a belt filled with space trash, similar to the asteroid belt between the planets Jupiter and Mars, but its origin differs.
The asteroid belt was the result of many collisions. Other planets once occupied this belt, the primary, a terrestrial water planet covered by more than 95% water was hit directly by a break away moon of the wandering 12th planet many millennia ago. Initiating a sequence of events that destroyed all objects in what is considered the asteroid belt zone. With each new collision, new projectiles increased exponentially, which in turn struck new targets cascading the process. As opposed the Kuiper Belt, which originated the assimilation process from the many collective masses, but aborted growth after the localized big bang ceased to provide material within this extended gravitational area of the Sun. Although, these objects gathered outside of the orbit of Neptune due to a balance of the repulsion force emanating from the combined presence of the gas planets and the Sun vs. the cumulative total of the gravitational force of the solar system. The assimilation of these objects did not occur, because they were on the outside of the gravitational influence of the major gas planets, if so, their numbers would have been greatly reduced due to planetary gravitational capture.
One piece to the puzzle of this solar system’s makeup lies in the objects located in this belt; here odd orbits outside of the solar system’s planetary plane go unexplained. Under the present planetary formation theory, our solar system was formed from a condensing gaseous disk while conserving angular momentum. Under these rules most objects would have been in the same plane and moving at similar relative velocities at similar distances from the solar system’s center. Random collisions would not be able to recreate the orbits presently observed by scientists due to the small differentials in object velocities.
Presently scientists have found the Kuiper belt to be stable. Unexplained is the large variance with inclination of the belt's objects. What is still not written in the books is the particle flow emitted from the Sun and its return flow, which applies an exponential force towards the ecliptic line from both sides creating the orbital plane. This force drops off quickly after Neptune allowing a greater inclination of distant objects to be gravitationally associated with our solar system.
After reviewing this paper what conclusion should you have arrived at?
The fact is that all objects created during formation within this solar system follow a set of parameters, within the Kuiper belt these objects are generally smaller, but most of all they are icy H-He and NH molecule based. Water and its formation needs a large rocky core that leaches oxygen and a turbulent environment, which allows hydrogen to combine with oxygen (details covered in planetary formation). This does happen or cannot happen on a scale large enough to produce the comets.
All Rights Reserved: © Copyright 2001, 2009